无监督的对比度学习（UCL）是一种自我监督的学习技术，旨在通过将正面样本彼此接近，同时将负面样本推到嵌入空间中远处，以学习有用的表示功能。为了提高UCL的性能，几项作品引入了旨在选择“硬”阴性样本与UCL中使用的随机采样策略相比，旨在选择“硬”阴性样本的硬性阴性对比度学习（H-UCL）。在另一种方法中，在假设标签信息可用的假设下，有监督的对比学习（SCL）最近通过将UCL扩展到完全监督的环境来开发。在本文中，由于硬性采样策略在H-UCL中的有效性以及标签信息在SCL中的有用性的启发性，我们提出了一个称为硬性负责监督的对比度学习（H-SCL）的对比学习框架。我们的数值结果证明了H-SCL在几个图像数据集上对SCL和H-UCL的有效性。另外，从理论上讲，在某些条件下，H-SCL的目标函数可以受H-UCL的目标函数的界定，而不是由UCL的目标函数界定。因此，将H-UCL损失最小化可以作为最小化H-SCL损失的代理，而最小化UCL损失不能。正如我们数值表明H-SCL优于其他对比学习方法时，我们的理论结果（通过H-UCL损失界限H-SCL损失）有助于解释为什么H-UCL在实践中优于UCL。

无线传感器网络由随机分布的传感器节点组成，用于监视目标或感兴趣的区域。由于每个传感器的电池容量有限，因此维持连续监视的网络是一个挑战。无线电源传输技术正在作为可靠的解决方案，用于通过部署移动充电器（MC）为传感器充电传感器。但是，由于网络中出现不确定性，为MC设计最佳的充电路径是具有挑战性的。由于网络拓扑的不可预测的变化，例如节点故障，传感器的能耗率可能会显着波动。这些变化也导致每个传感器的重要性变化，在现有作品中通常被认为是相同的。我们在本文中提出了一种使用深度强化学习（DRL）方法提出新颖的自适应充电方案，以解决这些挑战。具体来说，我们赋予MC采用充电策略，该策略确定了下一个在网络当前状态上充电条件的传感器。然后，我们使用深层神经网络来参数这项收费策略，该策略将通过强化学习技术进行培训。我们的模型可以适应网络拓扑的自发变化。经验结果表明，所提出的算法的表现优于现有的按需算法的大幅度边缘。

在本文中，我们提出了一个新的领域概括（DG）框架，基于与看不见领域的风险的新上限。尤其是，我们的框架建议共同最大程度地减少可见域之间的协变量转移以及概念转移，从而在看不见的域上表现更好。虽然可以通过协变量和概念对准模块的任意组合来实施所提出的方法，但在这项工作中，我们使用良好的方法来分配一致性，即最大平均差异（MMD）和协方差比对（珊瑚）和使用，并使用不变的风险最小化（IRM）基于概念对齐的方法。我们的数值结果表明，所提出的方法在几个数据集上的域概括性要比最先进的方法执行或更好。

基于不变性的方法，例如不变风险最小化（IRM），最近已成为有前途的域泛化方法（DG）。尽管有希望的理论，但由于真正不变特征和虚假不变特征的混合，这种方法在共同的分类任务中失败。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个基于条件熵最小化（CEM）原理的框架，以滤除带有具有更好概括能力的新算法的虚假不变特征。我们表明，我们提出的方法与众所周知的信息瓶颈（IB）框架密切相关，并证明在某些假设下，熵最小化可以准确恢复真正的不变特征。与最近在几个DG数据集中的最新原理替代方案相比，我们的方法提供了竞争性的分类精度。

Here, we demonstrate how machine learning enables the prediction of comonomers reactivity ratios based on the molecular structure of monomers. We combined multi-task learning, multi-inputs, and Graph Attention Network to build a model capable of predicting reactivity ratios based on the monomers chemical structures.

Modern deep neural networks have achieved superhuman performance in tasks from image classification to game play. Surprisingly, these various complex systems with massive amounts of parameters exhibit the same remarkable structural properties in their last-layer features and classifiers across canonical datasets. This phenomenon is known as "Neural Collapse," and it was discovered empirically by Papyan et al. \cite{Papyan20}. Recent papers have theoretically shown the global solutions to the training network problem under a simplified "unconstrained feature model" exhibiting this phenomenon. We take a step further and prove the Neural Collapse occurrence for deep linear network for the popular mean squared error (MSE) and cross entropy (CE) loss. Furthermore, we extend our research to imbalanced data for MSE loss and present the first geometric analysis for Neural Collapse under this setting.

Machine Reading Comprehension has become one of the most advanced and popular research topics in the fields of Natural Language Processing in recent years. The classification of answerability questions is a relatively significant sub-task in machine reading comprehension; however, there haven't been many studies. Retro-Reader is one of the studies that has solved this problem effectively. However, the encoders of most traditional machine reading comprehension models in general and Retro-Reader, in particular, have not been able to exploit the contextual semantic information of the context completely. Inspired by SemBERT, we use semantic role labels from the SRL task to add semantics to pre-trained language models such as mBERT, XLM-R, PhoBERT. This experiment was conducted to compare the influence of semantics on the classification of answerability for the Vietnamese machine reading comprehension. Additionally, we hope this experiment will enhance the encoder for the Retro-Reader model's Sketchy Reading Module. The improved Retro-Reader model's encoder with semantics was first applied to the Vietnamese Machine Reading Comprehension task and obtained positive results.

RTE is a significant problem and is a reasonably active research community. The proposed research works on the approach to this problem are pretty diverse with many different directions. For Vietnamese, the RTE problem is moderately new, but this problem plays a vital role in natural language understanding systems. Currently, methods to solve this problem based on contextual word representation learning models have given outstanding results. However, Vietnamese is a semantically rich language. Therefore, in this paper, we want to present an experiment combining semantic word representation through the SRL task with context representation of BERT relative models for the RTE problem. The experimental results give conclusions about the influence and role of semantic representation on Vietnamese in understanding natural language. The experimental results show that the semantic-aware contextual representation model has about 1% higher performance than the model that does not incorporate semantic representation. In addition, the effects on the data domain in Vietnamese are also higher than those in English. This result also shows the positive influence of SRL on RTE problem in Vietnamese.

To the best of our knowledge, this paper made the first attempt to answer whether word segmentation is necessary for Vietnamese sentiment classification. To do this, we presented five pre-trained monolingual S4- based language models for Vietnamese, including one model without word segmentation, and four models using RDRsegmenter, uitnlp, pyvi, or underthesea toolkits in the pre-processing data phase. According to comprehensive experimental results on two corpora, including the VLSP2016-SA corpus of technical article reviews from the news and social media and the UIT-VSFC corpus of the educational survey, we have two suggestions. Firstly, using traditional classifiers like Naive Bayes or Support Vector Machines, word segmentation maybe not be necessary for the Vietnamese sentiment classification corpus, which comes from the social domain. Secondly, word segmentation is necessary for Vietnamese sentiment classification when word segmentation is used before using the BPE method and feeding into the deep learning model. In this way, the RDRsegmenter is the stable toolkit for word segmentation among the uitnlp, pyvi, and underthesea toolkits.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in the world, and early DR detection is necessary to prevent vision loss and support an appropriate treatment. In this work, we leverage interactive machine learning and introduce a joint learning framework, termed DRG-Net, to effectively learn both disease grading and multi-lesion segmentation. Our DRG-Net consists of two modules: (i) DRG-AI-System to classify DR Grading, localize lesion areas, and provide visual explanations; (ii) DRG-Expert-Interaction to receive feedback from user-expert and improve the DRG-AI-System. To deal with sparse data, we utilize transfer learning mechanisms to extract invariant feature representations by using Wasserstein distance and adversarial learning-based entropy minimization. Besides, we propose a novel attention strategy at both low- and high-level features to automatically select the most significant lesion information and provide explainable properties. In terms of human interaction, we further develop DRG-Net as a tool that enables expert users to correct the system's predictions, which may then be used to update the system as a whole. Moreover, thanks to the attention mechanism and loss functions constraint between lesion features and classification features, our approach can be robust given a certain level of noise in the feedback of users. We have benchmarked DRG-Net on the two largest DR datasets, i.e., IDRID and FGADR, and compared it to various state-of-the-art deep learning networks. In addition to outperforming other SOTA approaches, DRG-Net is effectively updated using user feedback, even in a weakly-supervised manner.